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Illinois - Mining, Factories, And Labor Unions (From The United States Series)

History:

Bordered by Lake Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, Missouri, Iowa, and Kentucky, and located in the Interior Plains Region of the United States, Illinois contains three major geographical areas known as Northern Illinois and Chicago, Central Illinois, the prairie "Heart of Illinois, " and Southern Illinois near the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers.

Illinois was first settled by the French who built a fort at Peoria, and the 1682 Fort Saint Louis-Le Rocher on top of Starved Rock, a National Historic Landmark in the Starved Rock State Park. England gained control of the area in 1763, and Virginia claimed Illinois in 1778, ceding it to the United States in 1783 as part of the Northwest Territory.

Charles Mound, with an elevation of 1235 feet, is the highest point in Illinois, and the Shawnee National Forest is the only one in the State.

Statehood:

Created February 3, 1809 the Illinois Territory became the 21st State on December 3, 1818. Chicago, Galena, the northern mining areas of the State, and about 8500 square miles were subsequently added to Illinois by the United States Congress. On February 25, 1837 Springfield, the home of the very popular Horseshoe Sandwich, and the "Chilli Capital of the Civilized World, " became the third capital city of Illinois.

Name:

The Illinois State Name may be from a French adaptation of the Algonquin Indian language and mean "he speaks normally, " or from the Miami Indian Tribe's word "Ilenweewa, " or from the Illiniwek Tribe, and mean "grown man in the prime of his age, " or for the French name for the Illinois Indians, and has been spelled "Eriniouai, " "Illiniouwek, " "Illiniouet, " and "Illinois, " among many others.

Pre-Columbian Mississippi Culture:

The Midwestern State of Illinois is the fifth most heavily populated in the Country, and has been inhabited from at least the Pre-Columbian Mississippi Culture between 1500BC to 800BC by people exemplified by the construction of large earthen mounds, a corn-based agriculture, widespread trade, and the development of ruling Chiefs, that extended through the Eastern, Southern, and Midwestern portions of what became the United States.

Cahakia:

Ancient Cahakia was located near Modern Day Collinsville, about twelve miles from Saint Louis, Missouri, and was the largest Regional Chiefdom of the Pre-Columbian Mississippi Culture. The occupants of the village built more than one hundred mounds, a Woodhenge that detailed the culture's cosmology, and disappeared in the 15th Century giving way to the Illinois Confederation of Cahakia, Peoria, Kaskaskia, Maingwena, Tamaroa, Albiui, Michigamea, Chinkoa, Amonokoa, Espeminkia, Coiracoentanon, Maroa, Michibousa, Matchinkoa, Tapouara, and Negawichi Indian Tribes, collectively known as the Illinois, who constantly faught with the Iroquois Indians who depleted their populations by about ninety percent.

Indian Tribes:

Native American Indian Tribes that settled in the State of Illinois included the Miami, the Sauk, the Potawatomi, the Ottowa, the Ojibwe, the Fox, the Kickapoo, the Shawnee, the Peoria, the Delaware, the Chepoussa, the Chinko, the Wyandot, the Chickasaw, the Dakota Sioux, the Winnebago, and the Illinois.

"Little Egypt":

The 1830 Winter of the Deep Snow, and the 1836 Winter of the Sudden Freeze, earned Southern Illinois the esteemed name of "Little Egypt" because of the food supplies they provided to Northern Illinois during these Winters.

National Parks:

National Park areas in Illinois include the Illinois and Michigan Canal National Heritage Corridor, including eight segments of the canal between Lockport and LaSalle, a National Historic Landmark, the Abraham Lincoln National Historic Site in Springfield, the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail where they left Camp Dubois at Hartford beginning their expedition, the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail at Nauvoo, their main Illinois settlement between 1839 and 1846, and the American Discovery Trail, a coast to coast hiking and biking route across the United States.

National Wildernesses:

Wilderness areas found in Illinois include the Bald Knob Wilderness, the Garden of the Gods Wilderness, and the Lush Creek Wilderness and Indian Kitchen Overlook, including the River to River Hiking Trail, that can be found in the Shawnee National Forest in the northwestern part of the State, the Crab Orchard Wilderness on Devils Kitchen Lake in southern Illinois, the Bay Creek Wilderness and Watkins Ford Ghost Town, the Burden Falls Wilderness with one of the highest waterfalls in Illinois, the Panther Den Wilderness known for homesteads, fruit trees, and abandoned roads, and the Clear Springs Wilderness containing the Lahue-Pine Hills Ecological Area, and the home of several species of large snakes.

State Parks:

Illinois State Parks include the Apple River Canyon State Park near the Wisconsin border, the Argyle Lake State Park, the Beaver Dam State Park that was created by a beaver, the Buffalo Rock State Park, once an island in the Illinois River, the Cahokia Mounds State Park and Monks Mound, the largest Prehistoric earthen construction in the United States, the Cave-in-the-Rock State Park on the Ohio River, the Chain-O'Lakes State Park on Grass, Marie, Nippersink Bluff, Fox, Petite, Pistakee, Channel, Readhead, and Catherine Lakes, the Delabar State Park on the Mississippi River, the Dickson Mounds State Park, the Dickson Springs State Park with the Hawk's Cave and the Big Rocky Hollow Trail waterfall, the Franklin Creek State Park, the Gebhard Woods State Park, the Giant City State Park, the Goose Lake Prairie State Park, the largest prairie in Illinois, the Hazlet State Park on Carlyle Lake, Illinois largest man-made lake, the Hennepin Canal Parkway State Park on the National Register of Historic Places, the Holten State Park, the Horseshoe Lake State Park that has been inhabited by various Indian Tribes since about 8000BC, the Illini State Park, the Illinois Beach State Park, the Illinois Caverns State Natural Area with more than one hundred caves, the Johnson Sauk Trail State Recreation Area, the Kankakee State Park, the Lake Le-Aqua-Na State Recreation Area, the Lake Murphysboro State Park, the Lincoln Trail Homestead State Park, the Lowden State Park, the Mississippi Palisades State Park, the Pyramid State Recreation Area, the largest State Recreation Area in Illinois, and the Wolf Creek State Park.

Rivers:

Major rivers found in Illinois include the Apple River, the Cache River, the Calumet River, the Chicago River, the Des Plains River, the DuPuge River, the Edwards River, the Elm River, the Embarrass River, the Fox River, the Galena River, the Green River, the Illinois River, the Iroquois River, the Kankakee River, the Kaskaskia River, the La Maine River, the Leaf River, the Mackinaw River, the Mazon River, the Mississippi River, the Plum River, the Little Muddy River, the Wabash River, the Saline River, the Sangamon River, the Skokie River, the Skillet Fork River, the Spoon River, the Sugar River, the Vermilion River, the Rock River, the Wood River, and more.

Civil War:

Illinois provided 150 Infantry Regiments, 17 Cavalry Regiments, 2 Light Artillery Regiments, and more than 250, 000 fighting men to the Union Army during the American Civil War, and emerged in the 20th Century as one of the most important States in the Country with a growing population of nearly twelve million people, oil strikes in Crawford and Marion Counties, the 1937 Oil Boom, the 1933 Century of Progress World's Fair in Chicago, the 1957 first experimental nuclear power generating system in the United States, the 1960 first privately financed nuclear plant in the Country, known as Dresden One, located near Morris, the 1959 opening of the Saint Lawrence Seaway connecting Chicago to the Atlantic Ocean, the 1960 founding of McDonald's in Des Plains, the 1985 first Farm Aid Concert in Champaign, and the 1993 Great Flood of the Upper Mississippi River.

Industries:

Major agricultural crops found in Illinois include corn, hogs, dairy products, soybeans, cattle, and wheat. Manufacturing, especially in the Northeastern Opportunity Return Region of the State includes machinery, chemicals, fabricated metals, food, transportation equipment, rubber and plastic products, computers, electronics, petroleum refining, natural gas, oil, nuclear power, windpower, and ethanol. Service Industries in Illinois include financal, legal, higher education, medicine, logistics, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, and the Futures Market. Illinois also has large coal resources, and the Department of Energy's FutureGen Project in Mattoon

Labor Unions:

Illinois was a well known mining and factory State, heavily involved in Labor Unions, including the May 4, 1886 Chicago Haymarket Square Massacre in support of striking workers, and the May 11, 1894 Nationwide Pullman Strike that became influential in creation of International May Day Observances.

Attractions:

Attractions found in the State of Illinois include the Museum of Funeral Customs, the Old State Capitol State Historic Site, the Old Market House State Historic Site, the Galena Historical Museum, the President Ulysses S. Grant Home, the Chicago Athenaeum, the Legoland Discovery Centre, the Rock Island Arsenal, the Quad City Botanical Garden, the Joliet IronWorks Historic Site, the Mitchell Museum of American Indians, the Superman Statue, Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple, the Hemingway Museum, the Cahakia Massacre State Historic Site, the Kirkland Fine Arts Center, the First Division of World War One, World War Two, and the Vietnam War Museum at Contingy, the Kohls Childrens Museum, the Firezone Kids Firehouse, Grand Bear Falls, the John Deere Pavilion and World Headquarters, the KeyLime Cove Waterpark, Six Flags Great America, the Morton Arboretum, the Octave Chanute Aerospace Museum, the Vermilion County Museum, the Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, the Edwardsville Art Center, the Lizzadro Museum of Lapidary Art, the Buffalo Park Forest Preserve, the Hippie Memorial in Arcola, the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the Popeye Museum in Chester, the Chicago Botanic Gardens, Wrigley Field, the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center, the Dickson Mounds Museum, the CedarHurst Center For The Arts, the Rochelle Railroad Park, the Cuneo Museum and Gardens, the Volo Arts Museum, the Gaylord Building Historic Site, the Brushfield Zoo, the Niabi Zoo, the Wildlife Prairie State Park, the White Pines Forest State Park, the Kickapoo State Recreation Area, the Temple Lipizzaner Stallions in Old Mill Creek, the Lincoln's New Salem State Historic Site, the Historic Auto Museum in Roscoe, the Ken Gray Presidential Hall of Fame in West Frankfurt, the Rock Island Trail, the World's Tallest Man Statue in Alton, the Childrens Memorial in Bourbonnais, the World's Biggest Lincoln Statue in Ashmore, the 198-foot tall World's Largest Cross at Effingham, the Leaning Tower of Niles, the 1980s Agricultural Crash Monument, and the Illinois State Military Museum.

Chicago:

Located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan, and founded in 1833, Chicago is the third largest city in the United States, and has a population of about three million people.

Potawatomie, Miami, Fox, and Sauk Indians inhabited the area that became Chicago during the 18th Century, and the first Trading Post in the region was established in the 1770s.

Fort Dearborn was built in 1803 by the United States Army but was destroyed in 1812, and the town of Chicago was organized on August 12, 1833, then Incorporated on March 4, 1837.

The name "Chicago" was derived from the Miami-Illinois Indian word "shikaakwa, " and the French word "Checagou".

O'Hare Airport is the second busiest airport in the world, and Chicago remains a major transportation, telecommunications, business, finance, industrial, and infrastructure hub.

Chicago is one of the world's largest Global Financial Centers and has been rated as an Alpha World City because of its role in global economics.

Chicago has many well known names including Chi-Town, the Windy City, the Second City because of being rebuilt after the 1871 fire that destroyed most of the town, the City of Big Shoulders because of its skyscrapers, and the Most American of Big Cities.

Famous skyscrapers found in Chicago include the 1885 Home Insurance Building, the Chicago Board of Trade Building, the Fine Arts Building, the Chicago Building, the Merchandise Mart, the Willis Tower, the Trump International Hotel and Tower, the Aon Center, the John Hancock Center, and many more in the Chicago Southland, the Chicago South Side, and the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal areas.

Chicago developed improvisional theater with the Sound City Theater, the I.O. Theater, the Steppenwolf Theater Company, the Goodman Theater, the Victory Gardens Theater, and more helping create the genre.

Chicago contains more than 550 city parks, 33 sand beaches, 16 lagoons, 10 wildlife refuges, Lincoln Park, Chicago's largest City Park, with more than twenty million visitors each year, the Nation's largest municipal harbor system, Chinatown, and Millenium Park in Chicago's cultural center, known as The Loop.

The Sporting News 1993 and 2006 Best Sports City In The United States has been the home of the Chicago Cubs, the Chicago White Sox, the Chicago Bears, the Chicago Bulls, the Chicago Cardinals, the Chicago Blackhawks, the 2009 National Hockey League Winter Classic, the Chicago Marathon, a FIFA World Cup soccer match, the 1959 Pan American Games, and the Chicago Yacht Club Race To Mackinac.

Notable Attractions in the Chicago area include the Magnificent Mile, the Navy Pier Museum Campus, the Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, the Shedd Aquarium, Grant Park, Buckingham Fountain, the Chicago Historic Museum, the Museum of Broadcast Communications, the Museum of Space and Industry, Wrigley Field, and many more.

Aurora:

Located on the Fox River, Aurora is known as the "City of Lights" because of its 1881 all-electrical street lighting system, one of the first in the United States.

Settled in 1834 after the Black Hawk War, and originally two separate cities on both sides of the Fox River, Aurora was incorporated into one city in 1857.

Aurora was an important immigrant location for heavy industry workers from England, Germany, France, Ireland, Sweden, Luxembourg, and Italy.

Part of the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor, major industries that have been found in Aurora have included the 1846 Beacon Newspaper, Aurora's oldest business, as well as manufacturing, heavy equipment, metalworks, railcar construction, and railroad repair companies.

Major area Attractions in Aurora include the Phillips Park Zoo, the Paramount Theater, the Leland Tower, the Downtown Alive Festival, the Blues on the Fox National Music Festival, the Aurora ArtWalk, the Aurora Regional Fire Museum, the Grand Army of the Republic Hall, the SciTech Interactive Science Museum, the David Pierce Art and History Center, the Schingoethe Museum of Native American Culture, and Stolp Island.

Rockford:

First settled in 1834, and known as Midway, Rockford was named after the walking ford across the Rock River

Major Companies that have been located in Rockford include the Rockford Water Power Company, the Galenda and Chicago Union Railroad, the Rockford Union Furniture Company, the Testors Model Kit Company, the Nylint Company, the Sundstrand Corporation, the Rockford Tool Company, the Rockford Milling Machine Company, Harley Davidson, the Times, the Midway, the State, and the Coronado Morrie Theater, Rockford's largest 1920/1930s movie house, and a Chrysler automobile factory,

Located in northern Illinois, and known as "The Forest City" because of the elm trees once found there, Rockford has experienced some of the worst flooding in its history since September 4, 2006.

Rockford area Attractions include the Keeling-Puri Peace Plaza, the Medelssohn Performing Arts Center, the Tinker Swiss Cottage Museum, the 1929 Faust Hotel, Rockford's tallest building, the Rockford Art Museum, the Klehm Arboretum and Botanic Gardens, the Burpee Museum of Natural History, the Rock Cut State Park, and the 1873 Victorian Gothic Revival Lake-Peterson House on the National Register of Historic Places.

Peoria:

Peoria is located on the Illinois River, and is well known for its Midwestern culture, and for the expression "if it will play in Peoria it will play anywhere, " meaning how well does something appeal to Mainstream America.

One of Illinois oldest settlements, Peoria was first explored in 1680 by the French who built Fort Crevecoeur, and Fort Clark in 1813, which became Peoria in 1825.

Peoria is the home of the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research where mass production of penicillan was developed.

Peoria was named a 1953, 1966, and 1989 All-American City Award Winner, Number 51 on the 2005 Sperling and Sanders Best Places To Live List, a 2007 Expansion Management Magazine 5-Star Logistics City, a 2008 National Geographic Adventure Magazine 50 Best Adventure Towns In The United States, Number 33 on the 2009 Milkin Institute's Best Performing Metropolitan Areas In the Country, Number 5 on the CNN Money and Forture Small Business List of Best Mid-Sized Cities To Launch A Small Business, and Number 16 on the US Next Cities List for Mighty Micros With A Population of 100, 000 to 200, 000 People.

Major industries that have been located in Peoria include Catepillar Incorporated, the 1839 Kickapoo Creek Flour Mill, the 1837 William Nurse Farm Machinery Manufacturing Company, the Kingman Plow Company, the Acme Harvester Company, the Keystone Steel and Wire Company, the Rouse Hazard Company, the Komatsu-Dresser Handpak Division, the Komatsu America Corporation, the American CILCO Light Company, the Archer-Daniel Midland Corn Processing Plant, the Maui Jim Sunglasses Company, the 1889 Bergners Department Store, and a variety of pork plants, pottery makers, glucose factories, furniture makers, beer breweries, Prohibition Era bootleggers, medicine manufacturers, steel plow companies, bicycle companies, earth moving equipment makers, and the 1893 first commercially available gasoline-powered automobile in the United States, more or less a horseless carraige with a basic engine, known as the Duryea Motor Wagon.

Major area Attractions in Peoria include the Peoria Symphany Orchestra, the tenth oldest in the United States, the Peoria Players Community Theater, the fourth oldest in the Country, the Contemporary Art Center of Peoria, the Peoria Art Guild and Galleries, the Peoria Zoo with an Interactive Childrens Museum, the Heart of Illinois Fair, the Lakeview Museum Square, the Civil War Museum, and the Wildlife Prairie State Park.

Naperville:

Originally founded in 1831 on the DuPage River, and known as Naper's Settlement, the Fort Payne military outpost was built to protect the settlers of Naperville from Sauk Indian attacks.

Incorporated in 1857, and Re-Incorporated in 1890, Naperville was an All-White On Purpose "Sundown Town, " and the site of the April 26, 1946 train wreck between the Advance Flyer and the Exposition Flyer Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy railroad trains, one of the worst Chicago area train wrecks in history.

Major Corporations that have been located in Naperville include Tellabs Incorporated, the Alcatel-Lucent Telecommunications Corporation, the Nalco Holding Company, the BP North American Chemical Headquarters, the Nicor Energy and Shipping Company, Kraft Foods, the Laidlaw Contract Bus Services Company, Calamos Investments, OfficeMax, the ConAgra's Grocery Division Offices, and the Main Street Promenade.

Naperville area Attractions include the Moser Tower, the Millenium Carillon, the Naperville Riverwalk, Centinnial Beach, Knock Knolls Park, the Odyssey Fun World, and the DePage Childrens Museum.

Series:

The United States Series I am writing here on associatedcontent.com provides an indepth look at all fifty States that make up this GREAT Country of ours and their five largest cities.

The current list of Articles for the United States Series I have published to date includes:

So This Is Sweet Home Alabama Alaska - The Land of the Midnight Sun Arizona - The Valley of the Sun Arkansas - People of the South Wind California - The Golden Gate, Earthquakes and Grizzly Bears Colorful Colorado - The Rocky Mountains, Skiing, and High Technology Connecticut - The Land of Steady Habits Delaware - The Small Wonder Florida - The Snowbirds R Us State Georgia - Goobers, Peaches, and Buzzards Hawaii - Luaus, Pineapples, and Beaches Idaho - The Gem of the Mountains and Potatoes State Indiana - Land of Steel and Ducks Iowa - The Ethanol and Food Capital of the World Bleeding Kansas America's Flattest State Kentucky - The Land of Tomorow Louisiana - The Child of the Mississippi Maine - Lobsters, Lighthouses, and Black Bears Maryland - The "Oh Say Can You See" State Massachusetts - The Cradle of Liberty Michigan - The Automotive State Minnesota - The Bread and Butter State Mississippi - Where Cotton Was King

Comments from readers are always welcome so let me know what you think about these Articles.

Sources:

This article was compiled from several websites that provide much more information on Illinois including:

choosechicago.com, peoria.org, enjoyaurora.com, visitnaperville.com, and rockford.com

Editor-in-Chief of Nashville From A Bridge.wordpress.com, and Medicalscene.wordpress.com.

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